Blockade of Iraq, Sham, and Egypt (Withholding of Grain and Coin)
Partly
In brief
The Prophet ﷺ foretold that three key lands of the Muslim world, Iraq, Sham (Greater Syria) and Egypt, would have their grain and their money cut off. He said Iraq would hold back its dirham and its measure of grain, Sham its measure and its dinar, and Egypt its measure and its dinar, and three times he said: 'and you will return to where you began.' Abu Hurayrah added: 'My flesh and blood bear witness to that.'
Al-Nawawi records two readings. Either foreign powers would besiege these lands and cut off their trade, money and grain, or upheaval inside them would stop their revenues. Commentators place it among the troubles in these lands before the era of the Mahdi and the great battle. Scholars also warn against forcing unverified timelines onto today's crises.
Pray for the relief and steadfastness of the oppressed in Iraq, Sham, and Egypt, and avoid projecting unverified timelines onto current crises.
Where it sits in the sequence
Mu'adh ibn Jabal's narration gives this order: Jerusalem flourishes, Yathrib is in ruins, the great battle, the conquest of Constantinople, then the Dajjal (Sunan Abi Dawud 4294, graded hasan by al-Albani). Sahih Muslim 2897 places the battle at al-A'maq or Dabiq, then Constantinople, then the Dajjal. Sunan Abi Dawud 4292 puts a truce with the Romans before the battle. The narrations on the Mahdi do not state his place in this order.
Strongest narrations
Read all in the archive →Tags are automatic and unreviewed.
حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ يَعِيشَ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، - وَاللَّفْظُ لِعُبَيْدٍ - قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، بْنُ آدَمَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ مَوْلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " مَنَعَتِ الْعِرَاقُ دِرْهَمَهَا وَقَفِيزَهَا وَمَنَعَتِ الشَّأْمُ مُدْيَهَا وَدِينَارَهَا وَمَنَعَتْ مِصْرُ إِرْدَبَّهَا وَدِينَارَهَا وَعُدْتُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ بَدَأْتُمْ وَعُدْتُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ بَدَأْتُمْ وَعُدْتُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ بَدَأْتُمْ " . شَهِدَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ لَحْمُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَدَمُهُ .
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:Iraq would withhold its dirhams and qafiz; Syria would withhold its mudd and dinar and Egypt would withhold its irdab and dinar and you would recoil to that position from where you started and you would recoil to that position from where you started and you would recoil to that position from where you started, the flesh and blood of Abu Huraira would bear testimony to it
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُهَيْلُ بْنُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " مَنَعَتِ الْعِرَاقُ قَفِيزَهَا وَدِرْهَمَهَا وَمَنَعَتِ الشَّامُ مُدْيَهَا وَدِينَارَهَا وَمَنَعَتْ مِصْرُ إِرْدَبَّهَا وَدِينَارَهَا ثُمَّ عُدْتُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ بَدَأْتُمْ " . قَالَهَا زُهَيْرٌ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ شَهِدَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ لَحْمُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَدَمُهُ .
Abu Hurairah reported the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying “Iraq will prevent its measure (qafiz) and dirham. Syria will prevent its measure (mudi) and dinar. Egypt will prevent its measure (irdabb) and dinar. Then you will return to the position where you started. Zuhair said this three times. The flesh and blood of Abu Hurairah witnessed it
Places named
What scholars have said
Scholars cite it in part, or differ
Imam Yahya An-Nawawid. 676 AH (631-676 AH)
Records the two principal explanations among classical scholars for Iraq, Sham, and Egypt withholding their grain-measures and coins: either foreign non-Arab powers (al-'Ajam and al-Rum) will blockade and overpower those lands near the end times, or their inhabitants will withhold revenues before Islam returns to its starting point in Madinah.
Sharh Sahih Muslim, on Hadith 2896
Present-day data
These numbers show the world today beside the narration. They do not decide whether the sign has appeared; that is shown only through named scholars, in the Scholars' views tab.
'Iraq will withhold its qafiz and its dirham, Sham its mudd and its dinar, and Egypt its irdabb and its dinar' (Sahih Muslim 2896). Jabir, asked by whom, answered: 'by the non-Arabs and the Romans.' Al-Nawawi explains it as outsiders taking control of these lands and stopping what they paid. In recent decades both Iraq and Syria have lived under sweeping sanctions; the dated record is below, as context only.
Narrations behind this panel: Sahih Muslim 2896 · Sunan Abi Dawud 3035
News and journals
Dated reports from news outlets, research journals and official bodies, each with its source.
Syria: sanctions and their lifting, 2011-2025
The US, EU and others imposed wide sanctions on Syria from 2011, extended by the US Caesar Act in 2020. After the fall of the previous government in December 2024, the EU lifted its economic sanctions in May 2025 and the US ended its Syria sanctions programme by executive order on 30 June 2025.
Wikipedia: International sanctions during the Syrian civil war ↗Council of the EU, press release, 28 May 2025 ↗
as of 2026-10-28 · reviewed monthly
Background
Iraq under UN sanctions, 1990-2003
Security Council Resolution 661 (August 1990) imposed a near-total embargo after the invasion of Kuwait. From 1996 the Oil-for-Food programme let Iraq sell oil under UN control to buy food and medicine. The sanctions ended with Resolution 1483 in May 2003.
Wikipedia: Sanctions against Iraq · UN Office of the Iraq Programme: Oil-for-Food
as of 2026-10-28 · reviewed monthly
Read with care
- These are dated facts about the lands the narration names, not a ruling that it has been fulfilled; the narration places the siege before the Mahdi and the great battles.
Draft: figures and wording await a researcher's check and the scholar board.