Al Fitan

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239
كتاب الفتن
نعيم بن حماد المروزي (ت ٢٢٨ هـ)

Kitab al-Fitan (Nu'aym ibn Hammad) 240

معرفة الخلفاء من الملوك
241
Kitab al-Fitan (Nu'aym ibn Hammad)vol. 1, p. 100Ungradedكتاب الفتن لنعيم بن حمادج ١ ص ١٠٠ · عن وكعب، فقالمعرفة الخلفاء من الملوك

Kitab al-Fitan of Nu'aym ibn Hammad: ungraded, and weak overall. Never established on its own.

Traced to Ka'b al-Ahbar (automatic guess): a report of earlier scriptures, not a hadith of the Prophet ﷺ.

حدثنا محمد بن يزيد، وهشيم، عن العوام بن حوشب، قال: أخبرني شيخ من بني أسد في أرض الروم، عن رجل، من قومه شهد عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه، سأل أصحابه وفيهم طلحة والزبير وسلمان وكعب، فقال: «إني سائلكم عن شيء، وإياكم أن تكذبوني فتهلكوني وتهلكوا أنفسكم، أنشدكم بالله ماذا تجدوني في كتبكم، أخليفة أنا أم ملك؟» فقال طلحة والزبير: إنك لتسألنا عن أمر ما نعرفه، ما ندري ما الخليفة، ولست بملك، فقال عمر: إن يقل فقد كنت تدخل فتجلس مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، ثم قال سلمان: وذلك أنك تعدل في الرعية، وتقسم بينهم بالسوية، وتشفق عليهم شفقة الرجل على أهله، وقال محمد بن يزيد: وتقضي بكتاب الله، فقال كعب: ما كنت أحسب أن في المجلس أحدا يعرف الخليفة من الملك غيري، ولكن الله ملأ سلمان حكما وعلما، ثم قال كعب: أشهد أنك خليفة ولست بملك، فقال له عمر: «وكيف ذاك؟» قال: أجدك في كتاب الله ، قال عمر: «تجدني باسمي؟» قال كعب: لا، ولكن بنعتك، أجد نبوة، ثم خلافة ورحمة، وقال محمد بن يزيد: خلافة على منهاج نبوة، ثم ملكا عضوضا قال: وقال هشيم: وجبرية وملكا عضوضا، فقال عمر: «ما أبالي إذا جاوز ذلك رأسي»

I am asking you about something, and be careful not to deny me, lest you destroy me and destroy yourselves. I adjure you by Allah: What do you find me in your books, am I a caliph or a king? Talha and Al-Zubayr said: You are asking us about a matter that we do not know. We do not know what a caliph is, and I am not a king. Umar said: If he says so, you used to enter and sit with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him). Then Salman said: That is because you are fair to the subjects, dividing equally among them, and you have compassion for them as a man has compassion for his family. Muhammad bin Yazid said: And you judge according to the Book of Allah. Ka’b said: I did not think that there was anyone in the council who knew the caliph from the king except me, but Allah. Salman was full of wisdom and knowledge, then Kaab said: I bear witness that you are a caliph and not a king, so Omar said to him: How is that? He said: I find you in the Book of Allah. Omar said: You find me in my name? Ka'b said: No, but with your blessing, I find prophethood, then a caliphate and mercy. Muhammad bin Yazid said: A caliphate on the method of prophecy, then a strong kingship. He said: Hushaym said: Jabriyah and a strong kingship. Omar said: I don't care if that goes beyond my head.

محمد بن يزيدالعوام بن حوشبautomatic reading, unverified

Grading (tahqiq)

Ungraded

Hadith commentary (sharh)

EN

Scholarly Commentary & Context

Synthesized commentary, isnad grading & cross-references

[Collection & Reference]: Narration #240 in Kitab al-Fitan (Nu'aym ibn Hammad).

[Scholarly Verification Notice]: Recorded in Nu'aym ibn Hammad's Kitab al-Fitan (d. 228 AH). Hadith scholars classify this historical compilation as ungraded and weak overall; its isolated reports are not accepted as established doctrine unless corroborated by standard Sahih works.

[Core Subject]: Al-Rum, the Romans, were the Byzantine Empire in the Prophet's time. Many narrations about the end speak of the Muslims' relations with them: a truce, a joint war, then the great battle.

[Described Characteristics]: Amr ibn al-As heard that the Hour will come when the Romans are the most numerous of people, and he listed their good qualities: they are the most forbearing in trial, the quickest to recover after a disaster, the best to the poor, orphans and the weak, and they resist the oppression of kings.

[Timeline & Context]: Their part runs through the whole time before the Dajjal: first the truce, then the war, then the conquest of Constantinople.

[Prophetic Practice]: Amr's words teach fairness: name the good in others even when speaking of conflict.

Commentaries by classical hadith scholars. The Arabic texts are shown as published.